I spent yesterday with [livejournal.com profile] markrowland which was great & should be done more often. Our conversation covered an assortment of topics but this blog post is about the 'how' of the conversation, its medium, for it wandered between Welsh & English. Given the trope of 'they were all speaking English until we walked in' l thought it would be interesting to reflect on why & when we switched.

 

It wasn 't classic code switching as described when I was an undergrad because it did not depend on the topic of the conversation.

 

We met at Cardiff Central station & spoke Welsh on the train apart from the odd word here and there. When we arrived in Bristol we popped into my flat & then went for coffee/ brunch white was still predominantly in Welsh though the conversation about whether Americano is black is in English in my memory. Wondering round Bristol was still in Welsh lthink , but then we went to Mass in English & there was conversation with others so English. Then I had to work & Mark went for Iunch. When he returned after l'd finished someone I knew was around so I was speaking English. As we started up to the roof I conciously switched back to Welsh. We stuck with Welsh until we went for afternoon tea where exchanges about brownies meant we were using English. We went back to church for Mark to have a go on the organ. I offered to pop back to my flat to grab Mark's pannier and remember thinking 'why are we using English?' When I got back Mark spoke in Welsh and we continued in Welsh until somewhere up the slipway to Temple Meads when we slipped into English. This is the one I can't explain; the other switches to English were triggered by interacting with non-Welsh speakers but we didn't do that. I think the trigger was me quoting conversations which were in English.

 

So using English was triggered by interacting with others on the whole while Welsh has become our default. In Cambridge we tended to speak English & write Welsh. Speaking English was because we'd often have been interacting with non-Welsh speakers as we met. Since Mark left Cambridge, we had increasingly used Welsh but as Tres day showed flow in & out of the two.

yrieithydd: Classic Welsh alphabet poster. A B C Ch D Dd E F FF G Ng H I L LL M N O P Ph R Rh S T Th U W Y (Wyddor)
Ar ôl post diweddar (yn Saesneg) [livejournal.com profile] marnanel* am agwedd AC Llafur Newydd at weithred uniongyrchol di-drais (fel graffiti yn galw am ddeddf iaith newydd), es i i wefan Cymdeithas yr Iaith a ddarllenais erthygl am Broclamasiwn `Cymraeg yn hanfodol'. Dw i'n hoff iawn o hyn:

Dwyieithrwydd Cymraeg
Mae'r Proclamasiwn yn galw'r nod hwn yn ‘Ddwyieithrwydd Cymraeg’. Golyga hyn wyrdroi 'r drefn bresennol o ddwyieithrwydd Saesneg, lle bo cyrff fel Cynghorau Sir, Asiantaethau Cyhoeddus a Cholegau Addysg yn cyflawni bron y cyfan o'u gwaith yn Saesneg gan ddibynnu ar gyfieithu er mwyn cyflwyno delwedd ddwyieithog i’r cyhoedd. O dan y drefn newydd o gyfieithu ar gyfer y di-Gymraeg, cofnodid cost cyfieithu fel gwariant ar y Saesneg.


Dyna'r ffordd iawn i wneud pethau. Dw i'n cofio yn Aber yn cwyno pan gafodd ein harholiadau eu dechrau gyda'r Saesneg yn gyntaf a wedyn y Gymraeg oherwydd ei bod yn teimlo fel symboleiddiaeth,** rhaid gwneud pethau yn y Gymraeg neu y byddai pobl yn cwyno er bod pawb wedi deall y tro cyntaf. Beth oedd yn well oedd iddynt ddefnyddio Cymraeg a wedyn ei chyfieithu ar gyfer y rhai nad oedd wedi deall. Fel arfer dyna beth o'n i'n profi, ond dw i'n credu oherwydd mai arholiadau Adran y Gymraeg oeddent! Yr un dw i'n cofio lle na ddigwyddodd fel hynny oedd arholiad Ffrangeg yn fy ail flwyddyn. Ond y broblem wedyn yw nad yw'r myfryfiwyr o Loegr, neu Gymry di-Gymraeg ayb yn deall pwysigrwydd y Gymraeg.


Dw i hefyd am sylwi ar y ffaith bod Cymdeithas yr Iaith yn defnyddio mwy ar ôl dechrau erthygl ar y tudalen blaen ond yn yr URL*** maent yn defnyddio rhagor

*Diolch i [livejournal.com profile] senji am ein cyflwyno

**Dyna beth mae Geiriadur yr Academi yn rhoi am `tokenism' ond dwi'n synnu.

***Dw i am rhoi hynny yn y Cymraeg. URL = Universal Resource Locator OCiyI felly, Lleolwr Adnodd Hollgyffredinol neu LlAH!

The translation! )
yrieithydd: A photo of a stained glass window from Taize. Mary and Elizabeth meet. There is a faint image of John the Baptist and Jesus in their words. (Visitation)
Wel, neithiwr cofiais edrych yn fy LLGG (1984) a fy Mibl* am y darnau sy'n ffurfio'r Angelus a chyfieithu'r brawddegau arall. Dyma fy ngeis (y darnau mewn teip eidalaidd yw'r rhai yr wyf wedi'u cyfieithu):

Daeth Angel yr Arglwydd â neges at Fair
a beichiogodd trwy'r Ysbryd Glan

Henffych well, Fair, llawn o ras
Yr Arglwydd sydd gyda thi
bendigedig wyt ti ymhlith merched
a bendigedig_ffrwyth dy groth di, Iesu
Sanctaidd Mair,
Mam Duw
Gweddïa drosom yr awr hon
ac yn awr ein hangau

Wele wasanaethyddes yr Arglwydd
bydded i mi yn ôl dy air di
Henffych well ...

A'r Gair a wnaethpwyd yn gnawd
ac a thrigodd yn ein plith ni
Henffych well ...

Gweddïa drosom, sanctaidd Mam Duw
fel y byddem yn deilwng o addewon Crist


Gweddïwn:
O Argwlydd, erfyniwn arnat dywallt dy ras yn ein calonnau
fel, megis y bu i ni wybod am ymgnawdoliad dy Fab trwy genadwri Angel,
fod inni trwy ei groes + a'i dioddefaint
gael ein dwyn i ogoniant ei atgyfodiad,
trwy'r un Iesu Grist ein Harglwydd,
Amen

*Dyna sut y sillafwyd ar fy nghopi o fersiwn adolygedig 1620 o Beibl 1588.
yrieithydd: A photo of a stained glass window from Taize. Mary and Elizabeth meet. There is a faint image of John the Baptist and Jesus in their words. (Visitation)
When I last visited [livejournal.com profile] curig we ended up attempting to render the Angelus into Welsh as neither of us knew it but felt that we ought. We got something but I intended to google for it. I forgot. We ended up talking about the Ave Maria at lunch on Friday (because the current senior organ scholar at Peterhouse doesn't mind singing it for concerts but objects to it in services) and I ended up admitting I didn't know the Welsh. This evening I remembered to Google for it.* I guessed that it would start Henffych Well Mair and thus found this page which gives Welsh forms of various prayers including the Ave

Henffych Well Mair
yr Arglwydd sydd gyda thi;
bendigedig wyt ti ymhlith merched;
a bendigedig yw Ffrwyth dy groth di Iesu

Sanctaidd Fair, Mam Duw,
gweddïa drosom ni bechaduriaid, yr awr hon ac yn awr ein hangau ni.
Amen

(I've updated the spelling slightly, but I typed that from memory).

I'm having less luck finding the Angelus in Welsh.

I've learnt that Cadeirlan Y Santes Fair, Wrexham has a monthly mass in Polish but not Welsh AFAICS; the only Welsh I've noticed on the site is the name! The Catholic Bishops' Conference of England and Wales is similar. I didn't notice the Welsh name (Yr Eglwys Gatholig yn Lloegr a Chymru) the first time I went to the site. In fact, as I changed my default language to Welsh** in the meantime part of my wonders whether that changed it. But I'm not sure I believe that because I'd be surprised if they'd managed to do that for so little Welsh. A search of the site did find me a document which contained the Angelus in English; at first glance/navigation I couldn't find it. I have to say it's a horrible translation:

The Angelus
The angel spoke God’s message to Mary,
and she conceived of the Holy Spirit.
Hail, Mary...
‘I am the lowly servant of the Lord:
let it be done to me according to your word.’
Hail, Mary...
And the Word became flesh.
and lived among us.
Hail, Mary...
Pray for us, holy Mother of God,
that we may become worthy of the promises of Christ.
Let us pray.
Lord,
fill our hearts with your grace:
once, through the message of an angel
you revealed to us the incarnation of your Son;
now, through his suffering and death
lead us to the glory of his resurrection.
We ask this through Christ our Lord.
R. Amen.

I prefer Cranmer's rendering of the collect:
We beseech thee o Lord,
pour thy grace into our hearts
that, as we have known the incarnation of the Son Jesus Christ
through the message of an Angel
so by his cross and passion
we may be brought to the glory of his resurrection
through the same Christ our Lord.

Actually, now I have the Ave in Welsh, I can construct a fair amount of the text as I'm guessing that that collect will still be used by the CinW for the Annunciation and two of the versicles and responses are Biblical ... .

Mmm. The diocese of Menevia get points for having its diocesan prayer in Welsh, but that seems to be about it! I have to say I'm not impressed with the Roman Catholic web presence at all and especially not in relation to Wales. I've just skimmed down the list of parishes in that dioceses and four (all in Swansea) have websites and a similar number have an email address but no website. This strikes me as poor!

*This being the first time I've spodded since 6ish on Friday!
**I'd done that on Mozilla but when the uni switched to Firefox my defaults hadn't come across. I'm not convinced they'll remain now as it doesn't load the pages I've specified for homepages.
I got forwarded details of this yesterday and wondered if anyone would be interested in going. It has subtitles for those of you who aren't fluent in Welsh! It's part of the Cambridge Film Festival

STILL HERE NOW (DAL: YMA / NAWR)
Thurs 15 July, 6.00 p.m.

Director: Marc Evans. Starring: Rhys Ifans, Cerys Matthews, Ioan Gruffudd,
John Cale, Siân Phillips, John Cale. Wales 2004. 75 mins. Welsh with
English subtitles.

For centuries the musicality of the Welsh language has lent itself to the oral tradition of song but here Marc Evans (MY LITTLE EYE, TRAUMA) has captured the Welsh lyrical soul with a fascinating and moving documentary exploring Wales¹ ancient poetic culture. DAL:YMA / NAWR takes us on a magical odyssey through 2000 years of Europe's oldest surviving bardic tradition divided into seven different ?verses¹, each capturing the enduring themes of Welsh poetry, from nationalism and external powers to hope, renaissance and romance. The poems themselves form the narrative core of
the film with laments for fallen warriors, love songs, hymns, odes to nature, children's verses and political satires set to a stirring musical score composed by Catatonia's Owen Powell and Bedwyr Humphries. Some of Wales's greatest performing talents read the poems including Siân Phillips, Ioan Gruffudd, Matthew Rhys and Rhys Ifans while singer-songwriters Cerys Matthews and John Cale perform their own arrangements of two Welsh melodies.
DAL: YMA / NAWR is a stirring celebration of Wales¹ poetic heritage and a tribute to to the lyricism and endurance of the Welsh language.

Print Source: S4C

Creu LJ

Mar. 19th, 2004 07:15 pm
Wel, ar ôl i bobl eraill geisio fy mherswadio i gael LJ, dw i wedi'i wneud. Ond wrth gwrs nawr dw i eisiau sgwennu yn y Gymraeg a nad yw'r bobl sydd wedi bod yn fy mherswadio yn medru Cymraeg. Dilemma!

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